Briefly about the main approaches and solutions
Basic approaches to planning in 1C:ERP
Volume and calendar planning MRP and MRP II
MRP, Material Requirements Planning And MRP II, Manufacturing Resource Planning – Basic methods, used in the 1C:ERP system for planning material and production resources.
MRP
The purpose of MRP is to ensure timely delivery of materials and components for production.
Work principles:
Calculation of material requirements based on the production plan.
Determining the quantity and timing of deliveries to ensure continuous production.
Accounting for current warehouse balances and planned receipts.
In 1C:ERP is carried out through the formation of procurement and production plans based on data from resource specifications and production assignments.
MRP II
The goal here is to expand the capabilities of standard MRP to include planning of all production resources.
Work principles:
Integration of materials planning with labor and production capacity planning.
Accounting for financial aspects and budgeting.
Inclusion in planning of management decisions and strategies.
In 1C:ERP is implemented through the creation of comprehensive plans that take into account equipment loading, labor force, financial resources and other production resources.
Types of plans
In the 1C:ERP system, types of plans are divided into initial and derived.
Initial plans:
They form the enterprise’s needs for materials and resources.
Based on sales forecasts, production targets and resource specifications.
Examples: sales plans, production plans or the same purchasing plans.
Derivative plans:
They are created on the basis of initial plans and serve to ensure their implementation.
They are calculated taking into account current balances, planned receipts and production capabilities.
Examples: supply plans, equipment loading plans and labor utilization plans.
Planning models
Various planning models are available.
Planning by formula:
Uses mathematical formulas to calculate the requirements for materials and resources.
Allows you to take into account complex dependencies and adjust plans in real time.
Planning by data sources:
Based on the use of data from various sources, such as: sales forecasts, historical data and current orders.
Allows you to take into account changes in demand and adjust plans depending on the current situation.
Volumetric calendar planning:
Includes planning of production volumes and calendar deadlines for order fulfillment.
Allows you to optimize the loading of production capacities and reduce order fulfillment times.
Tools for balancing plans in 1C:ERP
Work centers and divisions
In 1C:ERP, work centers are groups of equipment that can perform certain technological operations.
Work centers:
Work centers can be configured to perform different types of work, which leads to the idea that the workload can be distributed depending on current production needs.
Setting options:
Parallel loading: the ability to perform operations in parallel on several work centers.
Speed of execution: setting the relative speed of work execution at different centers.
Cost of operations: indication of the cost of performing operations on specific equipment.
Production units:
Departments are the main elements of the organizational structure of an enterprise, and each department can contain several work centers.
Setting up departments:
Schedule: setting up shifts and working hours for departments.
Planning intervals: setting time quanta for assessing the availability of work centers.
Anticipatory planning: the ability to enter resource availability data in advance for accurate planning.
Scenarios and adjustment of planned requirements
Planning scenarios:
Scenarios allow you to create different plans based on different assumptions and conditions.
Examples of scenarios:
Optimistic scenario: planning based on maximum possible production indicators.
Pessimistic scenario: taking into account the minimum possible resources and capacities.
Setting up scenarios includes defining goals, selecting initial data and determining calculation methods.
Adjustment of planned requirements:
During the planning process, it is often necessary to adjust plans to account for changes in needs and resources.
Adjustment tools:
Document “Adjustment of planned requirements”: Allows you to make changes to plans based on current data on needs and capabilities.
Correction methods:
Reducing the need: a reduction in the planned volume of production or purchases.
Replacement of nomenclature: substitution of one material or resource for another in case of shortage.
Example of application
Let's consider the example of a manufacturing company that produces complex products such as metal structures.
Step 1: Setting up work centers
Creation of work centers:
Go to the section “Production” and choose “Work centers“.
Click “Create” and fill in the following fields:
Name: For example, “Laser cutting workshop“.
Type of equipment: laser machines.
Parallel loading: we indicate the number of machines operating in parallel.
Speed of execution: we set the speed of operations, for example, 5 meters of cutting per minute.
Cost of operations: we indicate the cost of work on this equipment.
Setting up work center parameters:
In each work center we set a work schedule (for example, a shift schedule).
We set planning intervals, for example, 30 minutes.
We define periods of advanced data entry in order to take organizational changes into account in advance.
Step 2: Setting up production units
Creation of production units:
Definition of parameters of departments:
We set the planning interval for the department, for example, 1 hour.
We establish the ability to use operations for detailed management of production stages at the division level.
Step 3: Setting up planning scenarios
Creating planning scenarios:
In chapter “Planning” we choose “Scenarios“.
Click “Create a script” and fill in the following fields:
Name: For example, “Optimistic scenario“.
Goals: maximum productivity and minimum order fulfillment times.
Initial data: We use historical performance data and current orders.
Setting up script parameters:
We define methods for calculating needs, for example, planning using a formula.
Set scheduling priorities, such as priority for urgent orders.
Step 4: Adjusting planned requirements
We use the document “Adjustment of planned requirements”:
In chapter “Planning” we choose “Adjustment of planned requirements“.
Click “Create” and fill in the following fields:
Title of the document: For example, “Adjustment July 2024“.
Changes in needs: we indicate which materials need to be reduced or replaced.
Rounding of volumes: we set the parameters for rounding volumes to optimal batches.
Examples of adjustments:
If there is a shortage of a certain material in production, we replace it with a similar one.
We reduce production volumes in case of changes in orders or increase them when new orders are received.
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